Kissing Spine in Horses

Kissing spine, also known as overriding dorsal spinous processes (ORDSP), is a debilitating condition affecting the vertebrae of horses. This ailment can significantly impact a horse's performance and overall well-being. Understanding the causes of kissing spine is crucial for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

What is Kissing Spine?

Kissing spine occurs when the bony projections on the vertebrae, known as dorsal spinous processes, come into contact or "kiss" each other. This contact can lead to inflammation, pain, and restricted movement. The condition is most commonly observed in the thoracic (mid-back) region of the spine but can also affect the lumbar (lower back) area.

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Causes of Kissing Spine

The exact causes of kissing spine are multifactorial and may vary from one horse to another. However, several primary factors contribute to the development of this condition.

Conformational Issues

One of the most significant contributors to kissing spine is a horse's conformation. Horses with a long back or a swayback are more prone to developing this condition. The length of the back can influence the spacing between the vertebrae, making it more likely for the dorsal spinous processes to come into contact.

Genetic Predisposition

Genetics play a crucial role in the development of kissing spine. Certain breeds, such as Thoroughbreds and Warmbloods, are more susceptible to this condition due to their genetic makeup. Horses with a family history of kissing spine are also at a higher risk.

Poor Saddle Fit

Improper saddle fit can exacerbate or even cause kissing spine. A saddle that does not distribute weight evenly or places excessive pressure on specific areas can lead to inflammation and pain in the dorsal spinous processes. Over time, this pressure can contribute to the development of kissing spine.

Inadequate Conditioning

Horses that are not adequately conditioned for the work they are required to perform are at a higher risk of developing kissing spine. Poor muscle development and lack of core strength can lead to an imbalance in the horse's body, increasing the likelihood of the vertebrae coming into contact.

Trauma and Injury

Trauma or injury to the back can lead to the development of kissing spine. Falls, collisions, or other accidents that impact the spine can cause inflammation and misalignment of the vertebrae, leading to this condition.

Age and Wear

As horses age, the wear and tear on their bodies can contribute to the development of kissing spine. The natural degeneration of the spine over time can cause the dorsal spinous processes to come into contact, leading to pain and discomfort.

Symptoms of Kissing Spine

Identifying the symptoms of kissing spine is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. While the symptoms can vary, some common signs include:

Back Pain: One of the most prominent symptoms is back pain, which can manifest as sensitivity to touch or pressure along the spine.
Behavioral Changes: Horses with kissing spine may exhibit behavioral changes such as resistance to saddling, bucking, rearing, or refusing to move forward.
Poor Performance: A noticeable decline in performance, including reluctance to engage in certain activities or difficulty maintaining gait, can be indicative of kissing spine.
Muscle Atrophy: Muscle wasting along the back due to disuse or pain can be a sign of this condition.
Stiffness and Reduced Flexibility: Horses may show signs of stiffness and reduced flexibility, particularly in the affected regions of the spine.

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Diagnosis of Kissing Spine

Accurate diagnosis of kissing spine involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging techniques, and sometimes diagnostic analgesia.

Clinical Examination

A thorough clinical examination by a veterinarian is the first step in diagnosing kissing spine. The vet will assess the horse's conformation, palpate the back for signs of pain or sensitivity, and observe the horse's movement and behavior.

Radiography (X-rays)

Radiographs are a common diagnostic tool for identifying kissing spine. X-rays can reveal the proximity of the dorsal spinous processes and any signs of bone remodeling or sclerosis. However, it is important to note that radiographic findings should be correlated with clinical signs, as some horses may show radiographic changes without clinical symptoms.

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography can be used to assess soft tissue structures and detect inflammation or damage around the dorsal spinous processes. This imaging technique can provide valuable information about the condition of the surrounding muscles and ligaments.

Diagnostic Analgesia

In some cases, diagnostic analgesia (nerve blocks) may be used to confirm the diagnosis. By temporarily numbing specific areas of the spine, veterinarians can determine if the pain and symptoms are alleviated, thus confirming the presence of kissing spine.

Treatment for Kissing Spine

The treatment of kissing spine aims to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and improve the horse's overall quality of life. Treatment options can be broadly categorized into conservative management and surgical intervention.

Conservative Management

Conservative management includes a combination of rest, physical therapy, medication, and changes in training or tack.

Rest: Providing the horse with adequate rest to allow inflammation to subside is crucial.
Physical Therapy: Techniques such as chiropractic adjustments, acupuncture, and massage therapy can help improve flexibility and reduce pain.
Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid injections can be used to manage pain and inflammation.
Training Modifications: Adjusting the horse's training regimen and ensuring proper saddle fit can prevent further exacerbation of the condition.

Surgical Intervention

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common surgical procedure for kissing spine is an interspinous ligament desmotomy, which involves cutting the ligaments between the affected vertebrae to increase the space between the dorsal spinous processes. This procedure has shown promising results in alleviating pain and improving the horse's performance.

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